Chicago style

The style of The Chicago Manual of Style, now in its 18th edition (2024). It has two systems: notes and bibliography, and author-date.

Chicago has two systems, and your instructor will usually tell you which one to use:

• Notes and bibliography: numbered footnotes or endnotes plus a bibliography. Common in history and the humanities.
• Author-date: short citations in your text, like (Yu 2020, 45), plus a reference list. Common in the sciences and social sciences.

1. Charles Yu, Interior Chinatown (Pantheon Books, 2020), 45.

The 18th edition, published in 2024, made several changes: book citations no longer need the city of publication, “et al.” now starts at three authors in notes, and short notes are preferred over “ibid.”