APA style

The citation and paper format of the American Psychological Association, now in its 7th edition. It uses author–date citations and a References list.

APA style is used most in psychology, education, nursing and the social sciences. In your text you give the author’s last name and the year; the full details go in a list headed References at the end of your paper.

(Martin et al., 2020) or Martin et al. (2020) found that…

A few things set APA apart:

• The year comes right after the authors in each reference.
• For three or more authors, in-text citations use the first author plus “et al.” from the very first citation.
• DOIs are written as links starting with https://doi.org/.
• APA doesn’t use “ibid.” and doesn’t include ISBNs in references.