Glossary
Reference list vs. bibliography vs. works cited
Three names for the list of sources at the end of a paper. Which one you use depends on the citation style.
| Name | Used by | What it includes |
|---|---|---|
| References | APA, Chicago author-date, IEEE | Only the works you cited |
| Reference list | Harvard | Only the works you cited |
| Works Cited | MLA | Only the works you cited |
| Bibliography | Chicago notes and bibliography | Usually the works you cited |
Outside these specific styles, “bibliography” can also mean a broader list that includes background reading you didn’t cite. If your assignment says “bibliography,” check whether your instructor wants only cited works.
Official sources
We paraphrase official guidance and link to it. When in doubt, follow the source and your instructor.